摘要(yao)：燒結靜(jing)電(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)設備是含有粉(fen)塵(chen)顆粒(li)(li)(li)的氣體(ti)(ti)，在(zai)接有高壓(ya)直流電(dian)源(yuan)的陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)接地的陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)形(xing)成的高壓(ya)電(dian)流通過時(shi)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)生電(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)，氣體(ti)(ti)被電(dian)離(li)。帶負電(dian)的氣體(ti)(ti)離(li)子，在(zai)電(dian)場力(li)的作用下(xia)，向陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)動，在(zai)運(yun)(yun)動中與粉(fen)塵(chen)顆粒(li)(li)(li)相碰(peng)，使塵(chen)粒(li)(li)(li)帶以負電(dian)荷，在(zai)電(dian)場力(li)的作用下(xia)，所有塵(chen)粒(li)(li)(li)向陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)動，塵(chen)粒(li)(li)(li)到達(da)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)，放(fang)出(chu)所帶電(dian)子，沉積于(yu)(yu)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)板上，得(de)到凈(jing)化的氣體(ti)(ti)排除(chu)(chu)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)器外。

1 靜電除塵技(ji)術：

靜電(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器的(de)(de)工作(zuo)原理：含有(you)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)顆粒(li)的(de)(de)氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)，在接有(you)高壓直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)陰極線(又稱電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極)和接地的(de)(de)陽極板之間所形成的(de)(de)高壓電(dian)(dian)場(chang)通(tong)過時，由于(yu)陰極發生電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)(dian)、氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)被電(dian)(dian)離，此時，帶負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)離子(zi)，在電(dian)(dian)場(chang)力的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下，向陽板運(yun)(yun)動(dong)，在運(yun)(yun)動(dong)中與(yu)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)顆粒(li)相碰，則使(shi)塵(chen)粒(li)荷以負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)，荷電(dian)(dian)后的(de)(de)塵(chen)粒(li)在電(dian)(dian)場(chang)力的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下，亦(yi)向陽極運(yun)(yun)動(dong)，到(dao)達陽極后，放出所帶的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)，塵(chen)粒(li)則沉(chen)積(ji)于(yu)陽極板上，而得到(dao)凈化的(de)(de)氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)排出防塵(chen)器外(wai)。

根據目(mu)前(qian)國內(nei)常見的靜電除(chu)塵器型式(shi)(shi)可概略地分(fen)為以(yi)下幾(ji)類：按氣流方向分(fen)為立式(shi)(shi)和臥式(shi)(shi)，按沉淀極極型式(shi)(shi)分(fen)為板式(shi)(shi)和管式(shi)(shi)，按沉淀極板上粉塵的清除(chu)方法分(fen)為干式(shi)(shi)濕(shi)式(shi)(shi)等。

1.1 靜電除塵器的優(you)點

⑴ 凈(jing)化效(xiao)率(lv)高，能夠(gou)鋪集0.01微米以上的(de)細粒(li)粉(fen)塵。在設計中可(ke)以通過不(bu)同的(de)操作參數，來滿足所要求的(de)凈(jing)化效(xiao)率(lv)。

⑵ 阻(zu)力損失(shi)小(xiao)，一般在20毫米水柱以下，和(he)旋(xuan)風除塵器(qi)比較，即(ji)使考(kao)慮供(gong)電機(ji)組和(he)振打機(ji)構耗電，其總耗電量(liang)仍比較小(xiao)。

⑶ 允許操作(zuo)(zuo)溫度(du)高(gao)，如SHWB型電路(lu)塵(chen)器最好允許操作(zuo)(zuo)溫度(du)250℃，其他類型還有(you)達到(dao)350~400℃或(huo)者更高(gao)的。

電(dian)除塵器的(de)缺點:

⑴ 設(she)備比較復(fu)雜，要求(qiu)設(she)備調運和安裝以(yi)及維護管理水(shui)平高。

⑵ 對粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)比電阻有一定要求(qiu)，所(suo)以(yi)對粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)有一定的(de)選擇性，不能使所(suo)有粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)都的(de)獲(huo)得很高(gao)的(de)凈化效率。

⑶ 受氣(qi)體(ti)溫(wen)、溫(wen)度(du)(du)等(deng)的(de)操作(zuo)條(tiao)件影響較(jiao)大，同(tong)是一(yi)種(zhong)粉塵(chen)如在不(bu)(bu)同(tong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)、濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)操作(zuo)，所得的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，有的(de)粉塵(chen)在某一(yi)個(ge)溫(wen)度(du)(du)、濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)使(shi)(shi)用效(xiao)果(guo)很好，而(er)在另一(yi)個(ge)溫(wen)度(du)(du)、濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)由(you)于粉塵(chen)電阻的(de)變化幾(ji)乎不(bu)(bu)能使(shi)(shi)用電除塵(chen)器了。

2 管理機構及其職能(neng)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)的(de)(de)(de)專業管理機(ji)構(gou)應(ying)當是(shi)安(an)全環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科,科內設專職或兼職環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)員。其(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)職責是(shi):(1)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)監控,掌握除塵(chen)設備(bei)(bei)完好率(lv)(lv)、同(tong)步(bu)運(yun)行(xing)率(lv)(lv)、除塵(chen)效率(lv)(lv)、崗位(wei)粉塵(chen)合(he)格率(lv)(lv)、矽肺(fei)發病率(lv)(lv)五(wu)大(da)指標。(2)定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)操作工(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)崗位(wei)培(pei)訓和(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)培(pei)訓,使其(qi)逐步(bu)掌握電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)維(wei)(wei)護技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)及一般的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護知識,對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)出現的(de)(de)(de)故障能夠及時(shi)作出判斷(duan)并進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)簡單處理。(3)負責電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)大(da)、中(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)計劃編排。(4)提(ti)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)改(gai)造計劃,不斷(duan)推動技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)屬于技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)含量較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)(bei),如果只靠環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科管理,則無法協調各(ge)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)部門的(de)(de)(de)關系,造成維(wei)(wei)護保(bao)(bao)養(yang)跟不上,使設備(bei)(bei)帶(dai)病運(yun)行(xing)。因此(ci)在維(wei)(wei)護保(bao)(bao)養(yang)方面,應(ying)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)設備(bei)(bei)與生(sheng)產(chan)設備(bei)(bei)同(tong)等(deng)對(dui)待,由(you)機(ji)動科統(tong)疇考慮電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)問題(ti),統(tong)一下(xia)達(da)檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)計劃。其(qi)檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)內容(rong)應(ying)當由(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)員和(he)設備(bei)(bei)管理人員共同(tong)確定(ding)(ding)(ding),并對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)聯合(he)檢(jian)(jian)查.其(qi)檢(jian)(jian)查內容(rong)見表l。

3 設(she)備(bei)維修人員的(de)配置(zhi)及備(bei)品備(bei)件

3.1設備(bei)維修人員的(de)配置

電除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)設(she)備(bei)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為兩部分(fen)(fen)(fen).一部分(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)械設(she)備(bei)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan),另一部分(fen)(fen)(fen)為電氣維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)。這兩部分(fen)(fen)(fen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)明確,各有(you)其特點。有(you)些單位將維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)配(pei)置在(zai)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)段(duan)或班(ban)組內,事(shi)實證明效果(guo)不(bu)佳,其主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)弊(bi)病是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):(1)主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)設(she)備(bei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定期停機(ji)(ji)檢修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)制(zhi),電除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)設(she)備(bei)也需(xu)隨主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)定期檢修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),平時沒有(you)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)任務或任務量(liang)較小(xiao),造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)浪(lang)費。(2)備(bei)品備(bei)件管(guan)理不(bu)便。(3)電除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)的(de)電氣設(she)備(bei)需(xu)要(yao)配(pei)置較高級的(de)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)設(she)備(bei),容易和(he)主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)系統之間形成(cheng)(cheng)重復配(pei)置,造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)資金浪(lang)費。比較可(ke)行的(de)辦法是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):將維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別歸(gui)屬于(yu)機(ji)(ji)械維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)段(duan)和(he)電氣維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)段(duan),并將維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為值(zhi)班(ban)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)常白班(ban)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。日(ri)常隨時出(chu)現的(de)小(xiao)故障由值(zhi)班(ban)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)處(chu)理,較大故障及需(xu)停機(ji)(ji)才能處(chu)理的(de)故障,由常白班(ban)集中處(chu)理。而且常白班(ban)中對電除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)設(she)備(bei)的(de)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)應(ying)分(fen)(fen)(fen)塊包保到責任人(ren)(ren)(ren)或班(ban)組,并通過專業培訓使維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei).修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)對自(zi)(zi)己(ji)所(suo)管(guan)轄(xia)的(de)設(she)備(bei)有(you)較深刻的(de)了解(jie),在(zai)一定程(cheng)度上形成(cheng)(cheng)專修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。在(zai)電氣維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)段(duan)中還可(ke)專門(men)設(she)置弱電維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)班(ban),專門(men)對電除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)控制(zhi)系統及其它自(zi)(zi)動化儀表(biao)、設(she)備(bei)進行維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護保養.

3.2 備品備件(jian)要(yao)搞(gao)好電除塵器的維護(hu)保養

一(yi)(yi)定數量的(de)(de)備品備件是(shi)必不可少的(de)(de),包括(1)電暈(yun)線(xian)占總根數的(de)(de)5%;(2)電暈(yun)極懸吊絕(jue)緣套管(guan)一(yi)(yi)套;(3)電暈(yun)極振(zhen)(zhen)打瓷連桿一(yi)(yi)套;(4)振(zhen)(zhen)打錘為(wei)總數的(de)(de)10%;(5)振(zhen)(zhen)打軸(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)承為(wei)總數的(de)(de)50%;(6)鏈式(shi)排灰裝置鏈節(jie)5%;(7)星型卸灰閥(fa)閥(fa)體2件;(8)管(guan)狀加熱器5%;(9)陰、陽極振(zhen)(zhen)打電機減速(su)器各一(yi)(yi)套。

4崗(gang)位工的(de)操作與維護

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)是一支專(zhuan)業水平要求較高的(de)(de)(de)隊伍(wu),負有操(cao)作、檢(jian)查、維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵設備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)重大責任(ren),必須懂得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作原理,了解各(ge)部位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)功能,并(bing)能通(tong)過各(ge)計量儀(yi)表所(suo)示數據判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)態,隨時(shi)(shi)對(dui)有關量值、參.數進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)調整(zheng),使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)處于最佳工(gong)(gong)作狀(zhuang)態。為此,崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)必須認真學習(xi)和掌握技術(shu)操(cao)作規程(cheng)、設備(bei)(bei)(bei)檢(jian)查維護規程(cheng)和安全技術(shu)規程(cheng),作好交(jiao)接班(ban)記錄(lu)(lu)及設備(bei)(bei)(bei)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)記錄(lu)(lu).運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)記錄(lu)(lu)內容主要包括:硅整(zheng)流(liu)變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)一次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya);抽風機(ji)(ji)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya);陰、陽極振(zhen)打周期;除(chu)塵器(qi)進出口溫度及壓(ya)力.以(yi)(yi)上各(ge)項每小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)記錄(lu)(lu)一次.另外,還需記錄(lu)(lu)各(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)開(kai)停時(shi)(shi)間、放灰(hui)時(shi)(shi)間、放灰(hui)量。有條件的(de)(de)(de)還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)安裝設備(bei)(bei)(bei)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)監控儀(yi),通(tong)過PC機(ji)(ji)定時(shi)(shi)監測設備(bei)(bei)(bei)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)況(kuang),并(bing)存儲因(yin)、部位(wei)(wei),并(bing)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)可(ke)能發生故障的(de)(de)(de)部位(wei)(wei)密(mi)切記錄(lu)(lu)。注意,遇有停機(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)會,再進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)檢(jian)查求證,通(tong)過完整(zheng)、連(lian)續的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)記錄(lu)(lu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)以(yi)(yi)便盡快修復(fu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)停機(ji)(ji)后,崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)析,了解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)發生故障的(de)(de)(de)原主要檢(jian)查維護內容如表2所(suo)示。

5 結論

環保(bao)(bao)(bao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)屬于特(te)殊設(she)備(bei)(bei)。一方面(mian),環保(bao)(bao)(bao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)停機(ji)一般不會影響主體生產設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行,而環保(bao)(bao)(bao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行也不會創造出明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟效益。但從另(ling)一方面(mian)講,環境保(bao)(bao)(bao)護是我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)國策,環保(bao)(bao)(bao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)是否正(zheng)常(chang)運行又會對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)周圍(wei)環境產生明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。因(yin)此,如何正(zheng)確處(chu)理(li)環保(bao)(bao)(bao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)與生產設(she)備(bei)(bei)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)輕(qing)重關系,如何對(dui)(dui)(dui)這(zhe)類設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)護與管理(li)進行必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)、合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分工(gong)協作,對(dui)(dui)(dui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證電(dian)除塵(chen)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)運行顯(xian)(xian)得尤為重要。

山東新澤(ze)專業的煙(yan)氣(qi)在線(xian)監(jian)測系統生產(chan)廠(chang)家，擁(yong)有專業的售后(hou)技(ji)術人(ren)員，給客戶專業的解決方(fang)案(an)！